Which of the following best represents a restraining force?

A restraining force refers to factors that impede or inhibit change within an organization. In the context of this question, the risk of disruption embodies a restraining force as it highlights uncertainties that could prevent an organization from moving forward or implementing new initiatives.

When an organization faces potential disruptions, whether due to market volatility, operational issues, or changes in consumer behavior, it often hesitates to make changes for fear of worsening the situation or destabilizing current operations. This makes the organization more cautious and resistant to change, fitting the definition of a restraining force.

In contrast, increased competition is more indicative of a driving force, as it prompts businesses to innovate and adapt in order to survive. Innovation in products would typically be seen as a driving force as it spurs growth and encourages change, while support from management represents the encouragement and resources necessary to facilitate change, making it another driving force rather than a restraining one.