Redundancy occurs when:

Redundancy occurs when a job no longer exists due to external factors. This can happen for several reasons, such as changes in the business environment, technological advancements, or shifts in market demand that lead a company to restructure or downsize its workforce. In these situations, the position is eliminated, and the employees holding those roles are often let go because their specific jobs are no longer necessary for the company to operate effectively.

This understanding is fundamental in business management, as it helps identify the nature of workforce changes within an organization. Recognizing the difference between redundancy and voluntary departures, performance-related dismissals, or retirements is crucial for managing human resources and ensuring that employees are treated fairly. In contrast, the other options refer to scenarios where employment status changes are driven by personal choice or performance issues rather than the dissolution of a job role itself.